Objective: To investigate the effects of fractionated low-dose ionizing radiation (LDIR) on the ferroptosis in human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells as well as the associated differentially expressed genes (DEGs), biological processes, and signaling pathways. Methods: HBE cells were exposed to different single doses of X-ray irradiation (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mGy) for 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively. The change in cell viability was detected by MTT assay. Cells were irradiated with 0, 25, 50, and 100 mGy X-rays 5 times, with 48 h between each irradiation and a dose rate of 50 mGy/min. Cells were harvested 24 h after irradiation for the measurement of the expression of ferroptosis-related genes SLC7A11 and GPX4 at the mRNA and protein levels, cellular iron content, and the expression of FTH1 and FTL mRNAs. High-throughput sequencing was used to screen for the DEGs in each dose group, followed by Gene Ontology-Biological Process (GO-BP) analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). Results: Compared with the control group, single-dose LDIR significantly increased cell proliferation at 75 mGy after 24 h (P < 0.05), at 50, 75, and 100 mGy after 48 h (P < 0.05), and at 75 and 100 mGy after 72 h (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, at the end of the fifth fractionated LDIR, SLC7A11 and GPX4 mRNAs decreased at all doses (P < 0.05), SLC7A11 protein decreased at all doses, GPX4 protein decreased at 25 and 100 mGy, iron content increased at all doses, and FTH1 and FTL mRNAs decreased at all doses (P< 0.05). Sequencing analysis identified 248, 30, and 291 DEGs and 10, 2, and 9 ferroptosis-associated genes at the three doses compared to the control. Gene Ontology-Biological Process analysis showed that DEGs were mainly enriched in biological processes such as response to lipids, cell death, and response to unfolded proteins. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis showed that DEGs were mainly enriched in the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, lipids and atherosclerosis, ferroptosis, protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, and FoxO signaling pathway. Gene set enrichment analysis showed that DEGs were mainly enriched in ferroptosis, fatty acid degradation, and glutathione metabolism. Conclusion: Fractionated low-dose radiation induced ferroptosis in HBE cells, and DEGs were predominantly enriched in biological processes and signaling pathways related to inflammation, ferroptosis, and endoplasmic reticulum stress.
Objective: To analyze the activity concentrations of gross α, gross β, and radionuclides in atmospheric fallout around Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant from 2019 to 2022, and provide foundational scientific data for the healthy development of nuclear energy. Methods: Five monitoring sites were set up at different distances (1.2, 6.9, 12.4, 42.3, and 69.2 km) from Daya Bay Nuclear Island 1. Stainless steel sampling barrels were used to collect atmospheric fallout, with a monitoring cycle of three months. The collected samples were ashed using radiochemical method. Subsequently, the gross α and gross β radioactivity were quantified using a low-background α/β measurement instrument. The remaining ash samples were mixed with water and left to equilibrate for over three weeks before γ-nuclide analysis using a low-background, high-purity germanium γ-spectrometer. Results: The gross α activity concentration in atmospheric fallout around Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant from 2019 to 2022 averaged (25.3 ± 10.6) Bq/m2/season and ranged from 5.8 to 73.4 Bq/m2/season. The gross α activity concentrations in sampling sites #1 to #5 were 5.8-34.4, 11.9-35.2, 14.4-46.4, 7.2-73.4, and 13.1-43.1 Bq/m2/season, respectively. The gross β activity concentration averaged (50.5 ± 23.4) Bq/m2/season and ranged from 13.9 to 139.3 Bq/m2/season. The gross β activity concentrations of sampling sites #1 to #5 were 17.1-107.4, 17.6-87.5, 25.8-102.0, 13.9-139.3, and 23.4-99.2 Bq/m2/season, resprctively. The activity concentrations of 238U, 226Ra, 232Th, 40K, 210Pb, and 7Be in atmospheric fallout were < lower limit of detection (LLD)-4.2, < LLD-5.8, < LLD-6.3, < LLD-42.1, < LLD-514.0, and 35.7-
Objective: To systematically analyze the medical radiation exposure levels in a district of Ningbo City and to provide a scientific basis for the reasonable and effective control of medical radiation exposure. Methods: Based on the radiological diagnosis frequency and dose information system, basic medical radiation exposure data were collected, such as radiation doses received by patients in various X-ray diagnostic examinations, from all 13 public medical institutions in a district of Ningbo City from January 1 to December 31, 2020. The data were analyzed for the percentage and collective effective dose of various diagnostic examinations, the distribution of examinations by sex and age, and the number of patients undergoing two or more examinations and their cumulative doses within multiple time intervals. Results: Among medical X-ray diagnostic examinations in the district, the percentages of CT examination and routine photography examination were 50.88% and 47.93%, respectively, and the collective effective dose of CT examination accounted for 97.75%. By age and sex, the frequency of examination was the highest in the age group of 45-54 years, and the frequency of examination in the male was higher than that in the female before age 55. The annual effective dose for two patients exceeded 100 mSv. Conclusion: In this study, CT examination accounted for up to 50.88% of all medical X-ray diagnostic examinations, and contributed 97.75% of the collective effective dose, highlighting the need for particular attention to the justification of medical radiation exposure from CT.
Objective: There is limited research on the combined use of multiple drugs in the prevention and treatment of radiation-induced oral mucositis (RTOM). This study aims to investigate the synergistic effects of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF), Kangfuxin Liquid, and vitamin B12 via mouthwash on RTOM, and provide a novel approach for the prevention and treatment of acute RTOM. Methods: A total of 82 patients with head and neck cancer who underwent radical radiotherapy were randomly divided into four groups: a control group (vitamin B12, 20 cases), observation group 1 (rhG-CSF + vitamin B12, 20 cases), observation group 2 (Kangfuxin Liquid + vitamin B12, 21 cases), and observation group 3 (rhG-CSF + Kangfuxin Liquid + vitamin B12, 21 cases). After 4 weeks of therapy, the therapeutic effects of the four groups were compared. Results: Compared to the control group, there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of RTOM. However, the incidence of severe RTOM was significantly reduced in the observation groups, following the order of observation group 1 (20.00%) > observation group 2 (14.28%) > observation group 3 (9.52%). The initiation period of RTOM in observation group 3 was 24 days, exhibiting a considerable delay in comparison to the control group (16 days), observation group 1 (18 days), and observation group 2 (22 days). The levels of pain experienced by the groups receiving combined treatments were significantly reduced compared to the control group. Observation group 3 exhibited the most effective pain reduction. Conclusion: The combined administration of rhG-CSF, Kangfuxin Liquid, and vitamin B12 can prevent radiation-induced oral mucosal injury and promote mucosal healing. This regimen represents an effective strategy for the prevention and treatment of acute RTOM.
Objective: To investigate the eye lens and hand dose levels of interventional radiology workers in Baoji City, China, and to provide data reference for radiation protection. Methods: In two general hospitals, the eye lens and finger doses of 121 interventional radiology workers were monitored between 2021 and 2023. The average annual dose levels and dose distribution were analyzed based on years, job positions, surgical sites, and duties during surgery. Results: The average annual dose to the eye lens was 3.36 mSv, with the highest dose of 16.36 mSv. The average annual dose to the fingers was 3.38 mSv, with the highest dose of 17.72 mSv. The average annual dose to the eye lens and fingers decreased from 2021 to 2023. The average annual dose to the eye lens of the interventional surgeons was higher than those of the technicians and nurses, while the average annual dose to the fingers of the interventional surgeons was higher than that of the technicians. The average annual doses to the eye lens and fingers of the first operator were similar to those of the second operator, but both were higher than other personnel involved in the interventional surgery, and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). There were linear regression relationships between the annual doses to the eye lens and fingers and the effective whole-body dose of the interventional radiology workers. A paired test was conducted on the annual dose to the eye lens and fingers of the interventional workers for different surgical sites. The cardiovascular and peripheral vascular interventional workers had higher average annual doses to the eye lens than to the fingers, the cerebrovascular interventional workers had a higher average annual dose to the fingers than to the eye lens, and the differences were statistically significant. Conclusion: The annual doses to the eye lens and fingers of the interventional radiology workers in Baoji City were lower than the national limits. However, some workers showed eye lens annual doses close to the new international standard limit (20 mSv). Special attention should be given to interventional physicians, especially the first and second surgeons.
Objective: To investigate the occupational health status of the radiation workers in Xiamen, China, and provide direction and basis for improvement of occupational health surveillance. Methods: After excluding duplicate records, a total of
Objective: To analyze bedside radiation dose rates for interventional surgery operators in Guangdong Province, examine dose distribution patterns, and identify potential weaknesses in radiation protection, and to provide guidance for optimizing radiation monitoring and protection measures. Methods: A total of 209 digital subtraction angiography devices measured in Guangdong Province between 2017 and 2024 were used as the research objects. The first and second operator positions were set at 30 cm and 90 cm horizontally from the X-ray tube focal point, respectively. Monitoring points were set up at 155, 125, 105, 80, and 20 cm above the ground. Results: The median bedside radiation dose rate for interventional surgery operators in Guangdong Province was 83.0 (3.9,
Objective: To investigate the effect of tritiated water on the immune system of zebrafish and its potential molecular mechanism. Methods: Zebrafish embryos (2.5 to 3 hours post-fertilization [hpf]) were exposed to 3.7 × 104 Bq/mL tritiated water (tritiated water group), and those exposed to E3 culture medium were used as the control group. The mortality rate, hatching rate, deformity rate, heart rate, body length, yolk sac area, neutrophil count in the tail, immune-related gene expression, and immune-related protein expression of zebrafish in the two groups were determined. Then transcriptome technology was used to further analyze the possible mechanism of tritiated water affecting the immune system of zebrafish. Results: Compared with the control group, zebrafish at 72 hpf in the tritiated water group had no significant changes in the mortality rate, hatching rate, deformity rate, body length, and yolk sac area((t = 0.9045, 0.5000, 1.0000, 0.7238, 0.0337, P = 0.4169, 0.6433, 0.3739, 0.4785, 0.9735), but had significantly increased heart rate(t = 4.575, P = 0.002). At 4 days post-fertilization (dpf), the neutrophil count in the tail of zebrafish in the tritiated water group was significantly increased(t = 2.563, P = 0.0196), the mRNA expression of TNF-α was significantly decreased(t = 2.891, P = 0.045), the protein expression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) was significantly increased(t = 3.848, P = 0.018), and the protein expression of NLRP3 was significantly decreased(t = 14.98, P = 0.001). At 7 dpf, the neutrophil count in the tail and the protein expression levels of NF-κB, NLRP3, and interleukin-1β were significantly decreased(t = 3.772, 7.048, 15.620, 4.423, P = 0.014, 0.002, 0.0001, 0.012). Transcriptome sequencing revealed that differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in the “neutrophil activation” and “platelet activation pathways” at 4 dpf and in the “neutrophil apoptosis”, “ferroptosis”, and “necroptosis” pathways at 7 dpf. Conclusion: Tritiated water exposure induces a temporally dynamic immune response in zebrafish, potentially affecting immune homeostasis by regulating neutrophil activation and apoptosis, as well as the expression of NF-κB and NLRP3.
Objective: To compare the efficacy of dual channel (intravenous channel and puncture needle channel) and single channel (puncture needle channel) of thrombin injection in reducing bleeding during low-dose CT-guided percutaneous lung biopsy, identify the optimal method, and develop a protocol with improved safety and efficacy while minimizing radiation exposure to patients. Methods: Patients who underwent CT-guided percutaneous lung biopsy at Linyi Central Hospital between May 2024 and January 2025 were selected and divided into a dual channel group (observation group) and a single channel group (control group) according to the methods of thrombin injection. The baseline characteristics (sex, age, underlying lung disease, lesion diameter, distribution, proportion of solid lesions, enhancement degree, puncture depth and time, and benign or malignant) and the differences in CT images after lung puncture (bleeding, blood diffusion distance, and blood diffusion volume) were compared between the two groups of patients. Results: There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics and bleeding incidence between the two groups of patients (P > 0.05). The diffusion distance and volume of blood in the dual channel group were significantly lower than those in the single channel group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The use of dual channel thrombin injection under low-dose CT guidance cannot reduce the incidence of bleeding in lung biopsy, but it can reduce the amount of bleeding, blood diffusion to surrounding lung tissues, and intraoperative radiation exposure to patients.
Objective: To explore the value of oral contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (OCEUS) combined with contrast-enhanced CT in predicting preoperative T staging in patients with gastric cancer. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 80 patients with gastric cancer confirmed via endoscopic biopsy or postoperative pathology at the First People’s Hospital of Jining from January 2021 to November 2024. The cohort included 56 males and 24 females, aged 38-79 years, with a median age of 55.9 years. All patients underwent both OCEUS and contrast-enhanced CT within one week prior to surgery. T staging of gastric cancer was determined using OCEUS, contrast-enhanced CT, or their combination. The results were compared with pathological T staging, and statistical differences in accuracy were analyzed. Results: Pathological T staging identified T1 in 9 cases, T2 in 16 cases, T3 in 42 cases, and T4 in 13 cases. OCEUS indicated T1 in 6 cases, T2 in 14 cases, T3 in 50 cases, and T4 in 10 cases, with an accuracy rate of 80.0%. Contrast-enhanced CT indicated T1 in 4 cases, T2 in 12 cases, T3 in 52 cases, and T4 in 12 cases, with an accuracy rate of 75.0%. The combination of OCEUS and contrast-enhanced CT indicated T1 in 6 cases, T2 in 15 cases, T3 in 47 cases, and T4 in 12 cases, with an accuracy rate of 87.5%. The combined approach demonstrated significantly higher accuracy in preoperative T staging compared to either method alone (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The combination of OCEUS and contrast-enhanced CT improves the accuracy of preoperative T staging in gastric cancer patients, providing valuable support for their diagnosis and treatment.
Objective: To evaluate the radiation impact of a self-developed digital miniature CT on the human body and the environment under simulated scanning conditions, and verify its safety and regulatory compliance. Methods: Under typical head scanning conditions with the digital miniature CT (70 kV/10 mA), the equivalent doses received at the body surface sites corresponding to the thyroid, breast, stomach, liver, kidney, and gonads of the phantom were measured without protection and with 0.5 mmPb equivalent protection using LiF (Mg, Cu, P) thermoluminescent dosimeters. The ambient dose equivalent rates at the bed level inside the CT room at different directions and distances from the scanning center were measured using a model AT1121 X/γ dosimeter. The equivalent doses of organs on both sides of the phantom and the ambient equivalent dose rates on the left and right sides of the longitudinal axis of the bed in the CT room were compared. The Mann-Whitney test was used at a significance level of P < 0.05. Results: During a single scan of the head with the digital miniature CT, the equivalent doses at the body surface sites corresponding to the thyroid, breast, stomach, liver, kidney, and gonads without protection were 1.04, 0.95, 0.55, 0.57, 0.40, and 0.12 mSv, respectively, which were only 0.84% to 8.24% of the doses inside the irradiation field. With 0.5 mm Pb equivalent protection, the equivalent dose of the thyroid decreased from 8.24 mSv to 3.27 mSv with a reduction of 60.3%, and the doses of the other organs were reduced to 1.5-11.5 μSv with the maximum reduction of 14 times. In the longitudinal axis direction of the CT bed, the ambient dose equivalent rate at a distance of 2 m from the scanning center was reduced to 0.066 mSv/h, which was only 9.6% of the ambient equivalent dose rate at a distance of 50 cm from the scanning center. Conclusion: The digital miniature CT has advantages in ensuring patient safety, optimizing imaging quality, and promoting technological development, demonstrating promising application potential. However, the radiation protection of personal and CT room should not be ignored.
Objective: To understand the individual radiation dose levels and changes of occupational external exposure among radiation workers in a steel group from 2020 to 2023, and to provide a basis for strengthening radiation protection in the group. Methods: According to the Specifications for individual monitoring of occupational external exposure (GBZ 128-2019), individual monitoring was conducted using a thermoluminescent dosimeter, with each monitoring cycle lasting 90 days, totaling four cycles per year. Individual monitoring data of occupational external exposure among radiation workers in the steel group from 2020 to 2023 were collected for statistical analysis. Results: A total of
Objective: To investigate the levels and influencing factors for eye lens dose of interventional radiology workers, and to provide a basis for reasonable and scientific radiation protection. Methods: Thermoluminescent eye lens dosimeters were used to monitor the left and right eye lens doses of interventional radiology workers in real time during different surgical positions and varying eye protection conditions. The annual eye lens doses for the operators were estimated based on their yearly workload. The differences in eye lens doses under different conditions were analyzed and the influencing factors were identified. Results: For individual interventional operations, the range of personal dose equivalent Hp(3) of the left eye of interventional radiology workers was ( < MDL ~ 418.33) μSv, the median (Q1, Q3) was 9.29 ( < MDL, 40.79) μSv, and the mean was 40.79 ± 70.36 μSv. The estimated annual eye lens doses were 4.05 mSv and 17.80 mSv based on the median and mean values of the eye lens dose of a single operation multiplied by average annual frequency of operations per person, respectively. The left eye lens dose was higher than the right eye lens dose of the same operator (Z = −4.24, P < 0.05), and the dose of the right eye lens was strongly positively correlated with that of the left eye lens. The left eye lens dose of the first surgeon was higher than that of the second surgeon in the same operation (Z = −3.10, P < 0.05). The eye lens dose was influenced by operator position (χ2 = 9.149, P = 0.002, OR = 8.343), eye protection (χ2 = 4.619, P = 0.032, OR = 4.352), and air kerma area product (χ2 = 8.032, P = 0.005, OR = 5.488). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, a significant portion of interventional operators have eye lens doses that approach or exceed international occupational dose limits. It is recommended to pay attention to the operation frequency of the first operator and the air kerma area product of interventional operation, and strengthen radiation protection and dose monitoring for the eye lens of interventional radiology workers.
Objective: To access the current situation of the service capacity of radiation health technical service institutions in Jiangxi Province, analyze the existing problems of these institutions, and provide a scientific basis for standardizing the management of such institutions and improving their service capability. Methods: A total of 11 radiation health technical service institutions in Jiangxi Province in the National Occupational Health Technical Service Organization Management Information System were selected as the monitoring objects. During the period from 2022 to 2024, 5-6 technical service institutions were selected each year and comprehensively evaluated and inspected using a checklist formulated by the state. Results: Among the 16 quality monitoring results of 11 institutions, 2 (12.5%) were rated as excellent, 12 (75%) as qualified, and 2 (12.5%) as unqualified. The risk level assessment identified 7 (43.75%) high-risk institutions, 9 (56.25%) medium-risk institutions, and 0 (0%) low-risk institutions. Conclusion: The overall service capacity of radiation health technical service institutions in Jiangxi Province needs to be improved. Notably, institutions within the health system, such as centers for disease control and prevention, show significant shortcomings in both on-site and laboratory testing capabilities.
Objective: To evaluate the current radiation doses in pediatric non-cardiac interventional procedures, and analyze the associated clinical factors, and to provide data references for reducing pediatric radiation exposure. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of the radiation doses of children who had undergone non-cardiac interventional procedures at the interventional department of a tertiary pediatric hospital in Jinan from January 2022 to October 2024. The collected data included basic demographic information, surgical date, anatomical site, disease type, and radiation dose parameters (cumulative fluoroscopy time, cumulative dose area product in cine mode, cumulative air kerma, and the number of images acquired). The Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparative analysis between groups (P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant). Results: Among the 475 included children, 99 cases (20.8%) had infantile hemangioma (median Pka, 0.136 Gy·cm2; median Ka,r, 0.38 mGy), 235 cases (49.5%) had venous malformation (median Pka, 9.82 Gy·cm2; median Ka,r, 40.99 mGy), 75 cases (15.8%) had lymphatic malformation (median Pka, 0.06 Gy·cm2; median Ka,r, 0.18 mGy), 32 cases (6.7%) had retinoblastoma (median Pka, 6.58 Gy·cm2; median Ka,r, 52.34 mGy), 12 cases (2.5%) had arteriovenous malformation (median Pka, 42.3 Gy·cm2; median Ka,r, 162.87 mGy), and 22 cases (4.6%) had other vascular malformations (median Pka, 21.7 Gy·cm2; median Ka,r, 89.1 mGy). There were significant differences between children with different disease types in the cumulative fluoroscopy time, cumulative dose area product in cine mode, cumulative air kerma at the patient entrance reference point, and the number of images acquired during non-cardiac interventional procedures (all P < 0.01). Conclusion: This study presented the types and proportions of pediatric non-cardiac interventional procedures, evaluated the radiation dose levels of different surgical types, and analyzed the effects of weight and anatomical site on radiation exposure, which can be useful for preliminary assessment of radiation doses in pediatric non-cardiac interventional procedures.
Objective: To perform on-site calibration of high-pressure ionization chambers and NaI(Tl) γ spectrometers in state-controlled atmospheric radiation environment automatic continuous monitoring stations and verify the reliability of the online radiation environment monitoring system. Methods: 137Cs, 60Co, and 241Am were used as γ reference radiation sources to measure the metrological performance of high-pressure ionization chambers in nine state-controlled atmospheric radiation environment automatic monitoring stations in Hubei Province, China. The performance metrics included background radiation, response, and repeatability. Additionally, the correlation between dose rate and humidity was analyzed, and the energy resolution and activity response of NaI(Tl) γ spectrometers were measured. Results: Among the nine state-controlled atmospheric radiation environment automatic monitoring stations, the background radiation of high-pressure ionization chambers ranged from 58.2 nGy/h to 82.6 nGy/h. The response of the high-pressure ionization chambers ranged from 0.94 to 1.08, fulfilling the requirement of 1.0 ± 0.2. The repeatability of high-pressure ionization chambers ranged from 0.43% to 3.80%, satisfying the requirement of not exceeding 10%. A significant correlation was observed between dose rate and humidity, with a correlation coefficient of 0.4476. For NaI(Tl) γ spectrometers, the energy resolution ranged from 6.8% to 7.9%, fulfilling the requirement of not exceeding 9% for the 661.7 keV energy peak of 137Cs. The NaI(Tl) γ spectrometers showed 1.4% to 1.8% s−1·Bq−1 activity response to 241Am and 6.6‰ to 8.4‰ s−1·Bq−1 activity response to 60Co. Conclusion: The online monitoring systems in the nine state-controlled atmospheric radiation environment automatic monitoring stations are stable and reliable, providing accurate radiation environment monitoring data for public awareness.
Objective: To systematically evaluate the radiation impact of radioactive sources used in online elemental analyzers in cement enterprises on the surrounding environment, and to provide a scientific basis for radiation monitoring and safety management at the application sites of this type of radioactive sources. Methods: A statistical analysis was conducted on 15 cement enterprises in Guangxi Province using online elemental analyzers with 252Cf as the radioactive source. On-site investigation of radiation safety management and on-site monitoring of radiation environment were performed, followed by an evaluation based on the collected data. Results: Although the gamma radiation ambient dose equivalent rate and neutron ambient dose equivalent rate increased around the sites using online elemental analyzers with 252Cf as the radioactive source, they all met the requirements of the Radiological Health Protection Requirements for Instruments with Sealed Sources (GBZ 125—2009). Conclusion: Under the current usage and management conditions, the application of this type of radioactive sources has controllable radiation impact on the surrounding environment, and will not pose a threat to public health and environmental safety. However, continuous strengthening of radiation safety management measures and regular radiation monitoring work are still needed to ensure the safe use of radioactive sources, further reducing potential radiation risks and providing strong guarantees for the safe application of radioactive sources in online elemental analyzers in cement enterprises.
Objective: To address the current blind spots in quality control and the risk of data distortion in radiological health technical service institutions, overcome the limitations of low efficiency and insufficient anomaly identification in manual verification, establish an automatic anomaly early warning mechanism based on AI algorithms, provide accurate clues for health supervision and law enforcement, and significantly enhance the efficiency of industry supervision. Methods: On-site inspection data were collected via photographic imaging. Advanced image processing and object detection algorithms were employed to automatically extract and analyze key information from the images. Through data analysis, the system was used to calculate and assess the inspection results. A dynamic early warning engine was developed to automatically trigger alerts upon detection of deviations from standard thresholds or regulatory violations in radiological health technical services. These alerts were delivered through a regulatory information system. Results: Following AI model training, the accuracy of the image processing and object detection algorithms reached 99% and the early warning accuracy reached 93%. Compared with the traditional supervision mode, the efficiency of anomaly detection was improved and the average response time was shortened. Conclusion: The full-process supervision information system constructed in this study has realized the triple mechanism of pre-event standardization, in-event monitoring, and post-event traceability for radiological health technical services. In particular, the system has established a four-level quality control chain of “institutional self-inspection, intelligent recheck, expert judgment, and administrative action”, providing a technological innovation path for ensuring the radiation protection and safety of medical staff, patients, and the public.
Objective: To explore the efficiency improvement in segmenting neural network with the application of Transformer + U-Net artificial intelligence (AI) and modeling with the application of Python scripts in three-dimensional (3D) printing brachytherapy. Methods: A Transformer + U-Net AI neural network model was constructed, and Adam optimizer was used to ensure rapid gradient descent. Computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging data of patients were standardized and processed as self-made data sets. The training set was used to train AI and the optimal result weight parameters were saved. The test set was used to evaluate the AI ability. Python programming language was used to write an automated script to obtain the output segmentation image and convert it to the STL file for import. The source applicator and needle could be automatically modeled. The time of automatic segmentation and modeling and the time of manual segmentation and modeling were entered by two people, and the difference was verified by paired t-test. Results: Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), mean intersection over union (MIOU), and Hausdorff distance (HD95) were used for evaluation. DSC was
Objective: Integrating ideological and political education into university curricula is an effective approach for nurturing moral integrity and holistic education. This study aims to explore the effective incorporation of the “two bombs, one satellite” spirit into the ideological and political education of the Nuclear Electronics course, find an effective way to enhance student professional literacy and ideological and political awareness, and achieve collaborative educational objectives. Methods: Using the Nuclear Electronics course as a case study and aligning with the educational positioning of the university and the major, objectives were established for knowledge acquisition, skill development, and ideological and political education. A case repository of ideological and political education tailored to the course was constructed by integrating ideological and political elements such as the “two bombs, one satellite” to reinforce foundational knowledge and expand into cutting-edge topics. An instructional paradigm that combines theory with practical application and integrates online and offline resources was adopted. To stimulate student engagement of learning, improve the quality of learning, and strengthen ideological and moral education, a comprehensive assessment framework was devised. Results: The effectiveness of ideological and political education was evaluated by comparing the course performance between the experimental group (with curriculum ideology and politics reform) and the control group (without curriculum ideology and politics reform). The experimental group showed 20.5% and 31.3% improvements in short-answer questions and calculation problems, respectively. A comparison of survey questionnaire scores and final grades revealed a strong correlation between student awareness of curriculum ideology and politics and their academic performance. The study demonstrated that this approach increased student interest in learning, enhanced their recognition and pride in major national scientific achievements, and achieved an organic integration of knowledge impartation and value guidance. Conclusion: This study confirms the effectiveness of integrating the “two bombs, one satellite” spirit into the ideological and political education of the Nuclear Electronics course. This approach provides new ideas and methods for ideological and political education in universities, achieves the goal of collaborative education, and is of great significance in improving the quality of talent cultivation in higher education.
This study aims to address the specificity of nuclear and radiation medical treatment and explore the way to integrate such emergency medical treatment in national emergency medical rescue teams. By analyzing the characteristics of nuclear and radiation medical treatment, as well as the foundation, roles, and development of national emergency medical rescue teams, the study proposes a series of practical and feasible strategies, including professional knowledge training, manpower and material resource assurance, emergency response coordination mechanisms, and psychological health support. These strategies help to compensate for the professional deficiencies of national emergency medical rescue teams in responding to nuclear incidents and enhance their overall comprehensive capabilities, enabling them to better fulfill their responsibilities in health emergency rescue.
Nuclear weapon tests and nuclear leakage accidents have resulted in worldwide contamination by radionuclides, and 137Cs persists in the environment because of its long half-life. Due to their radionuclide-enrichment properties, wild edible mushrooms take up 137Cs from the surrounding matrix and store it in their fruiting bodies, thus becoming an indicator medium for radionuclide contamination and can be used to evaluate soil contamination with radionuclides. However, there are large variations in 137Cs activity concentrations in different wild edible mushrooms depending on regions, species, and lifestyles. Therefore, it is important to carry out the detection of 137Cs in wild edible mushrooms to understand the mechanisms of 137Cs transfer distribution and enrichment and to monitor the environment. This paper reviews the studies on 137Cs in wild edible mushrooms in recent years both in China and other countries. This article analyses the content of 137Cs in wild edible mushrooms in different regions, the transfer process from soil to wild edible mushroom fruiting bodies, and the distribution of 137Cs in wild edible mushrooms. These results provide theoretical support for the future monitoring of radionuclides in wild edible mushrooms on a nationwide scale, the establishment of relevant databases, and in-depth research on the mechanism of radionuclide transfer.
Based on current national policies, regulations, standards, relevant literature, and departmental experience regarding the protection against radionuclides in China, this study provides a brief overview of key issues in the management of hospital wards for patients with internal radionuclide contamination. The discussion covers the detection of internal contamination, general requirements for internal radionuclide contamination wards, and inpatient management. In addition, the study explores in depth the daily responsibilities, protective measures, and management protocols for both healthcare staff and patients within such wards. This article summarizes a framework for the construction of internal radionuclide contamination wards, along with specific plans and detailed role-based guidelines. These results provide a reference for the management of hospital wards for patients with internal radionuclide contamination.
Mobile computed tomography (CT) can be used for critically ill patients’ bedside CT scans in an operating room or intensive care unit because of its flexibility and convenience compared to conventional CT. Meanwhile, attention has been paid to the ionizing radiation hazards brought by mobile CT scans due to a lack of wall shielding protection from a fixed machinery room, especially the control of radiation dose to the surrounding medical staff and the public. This article mainly discusses the radiation protection of mobile CT from aspects such as radiation protection principles, protection management, and protection of examinees, staff, and the public by summarizing relevant standards, guidelines, and literature in China and globally to provide a reference for the standardized use of mobile CT.
Locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a highly heterogeneous disease. For patients with driver gene-negative, unresectable NSCLC, traditional treatment primarily involves concurrent chemoradiotherapy. With the advent of the immunotherapy era, integrated treatment strategies combining concurrent chemoradiotherapy with immunotherapy have significantly improved therapeutic outcomes and substantially extended survival periods. This article summarizes the interaction mechanisms and clinical research progress of radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of NSCLC. This review also provides perspectives on the development of therapies in the future and predictive biomarkers, serving as a reference for treatment options for patients with unresectable locally advanced NSCLC.
Brain metastases are the most common intracranial tumors, and their incidence is increasing with the improvement of systemic treatments and survival rates. Optimal treatment usually requires a multidisciplinary approach, including radiotherapy, surgical resection, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Stereotactic radiotherapy, compared to whole-brain radiotherapy, offers improved local control rates and reduced risk of neurocognitive impairment, and has become a new standard option for the treatment of brain metastases. Additionally, the widespread use of targeted and immune therapies in brain metastases has significantly improved the survival of some patients. This article reviews and integrates recent literature on the treatment of brain metastases and analyzes the role of stereotactic radiotherapy in comprehensive treatment, aiming to provide a reference for the selection of clinical treatment plans.
