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| Bilateral filtering based sliding motion compensated 4D-CBCT: a simulation study |
| YOU Tao1, LI Chunmei3, DAI Chunhua1, CHEN Deyu1, DANG Jun2 |
1. The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001 China;
2. Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen Center, Shenzhen 518116 China;
3. The Fourth Division Hospital of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Yili 835000 China |
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Abstract Objective This study reconstructed 4D-CBCT for fully automatic compensated sliding motion by incorporating the bilateral filtering into the Deformable Vector Field (DVF).Methods First, a motion compensated simultaneous algebraic reconstruction technique (Modified Simultaneous Algebra Reconstruction Technique, mSART) was used to generate a high quality reference phase by using all phase projection stogether with the initial 4D-DVFs, which were generated via Demons registration between 0% phase and each other phaseimage. The 4D-DVF was optimized by matching the forward projection of the deformed 0% phase with the measured projection of the target phase. The loss function’s DVF smoothing constrain term contained bilateral filtering kernel that contained: 1) an spatial domain Guassian kernel; 2) animage intensity domain Guassian kernel; and 3) a DVF domain Guassian kernel. By choosing suitable kernel variances, the sliding motion can be extracted. A non-linear conjugate gradient optimizer wasused. We validated the algorithm on a Non-Uniform Rotational B- spline based Cardiac-Torso (NCAT) phantom. Quantification was evaluated by: 1) the Root-Mean-Square-Error (RMSE) together with the Maximum-Error (MaxE); 2) the Dice coefficient of the extracted lung contour from the final reconstructed images and 3) the relative reconstruction error (RE) to evaluate the algorithm's performance.Results The motion trajectory's RMSE/MaxEare 0.796/1.02 mm for bilateral filtering reconstruction; and 2.704/4.08 mm for original reconstruction. Image content such a stherib position, the hearted gedefinition, the fibrous structures all had been better corrected with bilateral filtering.Conclusion We developed a bilateral filtering based fully automatic sliding motion compensated 4D-CBCT scheme. Digital phantom study confirmed the improved motion estimation and image reconstruction ability. It can be used as a 4D-CBCT image guidance tool for lung SBRTtreatment.
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Received: 16 January 2021
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